The simplest type of a bridge is stepping stones, so this may have been one of the earliest types. Nov 09, 2016 hydraulic pillars under the bridge raise the bridge deck to allow barge traffic to pass beneath it table bridges 11. Two types of gates should be provided on each approach roadway to a movable span bridge. Bridge bearings are used to transfer forces from the superstructure to the substructure, allowing the following types of movements of the superstructure. As in many cases highlevel bridges in ports are unfeasible, this development has lead to a renaissance of movable bridges.
It originated in medieval europe, probably normandy, as a defensive feature of castles and towns. The name comes from the french term for balance scale, which employs the same principle bascule bridges are the most. This type of bridge is generally cost effective since the utilization of long approaches and high piers are not. This type of bridge has a lower cost of building because it has no high piers and long approaches but its use stops the road traffic when the bridge is open for river traffic. In total 66 movable span bridges were constructed in nsw, of which the majority 48 were of the vertical lift or bascule tpe, but many of these have now been demolished or are permanently. See what our program has to offer to keep these complex machines up and running. Cablestayed, suspension, arch, plategirder or even architecturally sophisticated bridges. When the waterway is opened to vessels and ships, traffics over the bridge would be stopped and viceversa. Types of movable bridges movable bridge engineering wiley. This list is not exclusive and there are other types, such as jackknife, reticulated, retracting, and. The trunnion bascule is by far the most common of the three. Other early movable bridges were located over the christina river at newport, the nanticoke river at seaford, and the broad creek at laurel. Similarly a number of exotic movable bridges can be developed because of low selfweight 10 lbsft. Bascule bridge, which is also called as drawbridge, is fixed and supported on an axis which is perpendicular to the bridge.
A more complete listing and description of other types of bascule bridges can be found in references 99, 101, and 174. The reasons for the everincreasing ship traffic and ship size are given, the sitedependent choice of highlevel fixed bridges versus lowlevel movable bridges is discussed and the different types of movable bridges are described in general terms in an introduction. Advantages of different types of bridges getaway usa. This type is sometimes referred to as a thrust bridge. Car traffic bridge the most common ty pe of bridge, with two or more lanes designed to carry car and truck traffic of various inten sities. Hydraulic pillars under the bridge raise the bridge deck to allow barge traffic to pass beneath it table bridges 11.
Movable bridges are classified into four general groups. Either a drawbridge, a verticallift bridge, a floating bridge, or a swing pivot bridge. Numerous factors determine the evolution of a movable bridge design. Structural types fixed or movable bridges bridge types by use. Bascule bridge is subjected to considerable wind load especially when it is opened. Innovative design of movable bridges heavy movable structures. Arch bridges are typically used for pedestrians, railways and vehicles. Constructed in 1808, it was a wooden turn bridge or swing span. The name comes from the french term for balance scale, which employs the same principle. However, floating bridges have to be anchored to the seabed or balanced with dampers to minimize excessive movements, especially in the water flow.
Swing bridge,a type of movable bridge is constructed over a channel through which steamers and ships ply. Type maximum span 1 rcc arch bridge 200 m 2 rcc bowstring girder bridge 45 m 3 rcc cantilever bridges with balanced type 30 m 4 rcc continuous bridge 45 m 5 rcc deck type girder bridge 20 m 6 rcc filled spandrel fixed arch bridge 35 m. Can span up to 800 feet natural support system strong can cope with bending forces can be constructed with simple materials. The original tacoma narrows bridge was built to cross the puget sound in washington state in 1940. Jan 06, 2017 new types of lifts and equipment make it easier for inspectors to get to hardtoreach areas of bridges. Modern types odd types of movable bridges earlier types of movable bridges. Oct 20, 2016 movable bridges and structures can be challenging for owners to operate and maintain. Common categories include the type of structural elements used, by what they carry, whether they are fixed or movable, and by the materials used. The bridge in the port of was the first of a growing number of movable bridges built during the last decade the ports of in spain with the aim of adapting these ports to the needs of modern ship traffic. The depth of the span that extended from the pier to the center of the bridge can be decreased.
Movable bridges in chicago revolutionary technology to proven product. This article throws light upon the top nine types of movable bridges. Movable bridges low rise bridge shortens the overall crossing length well known bridge type difficult to achieve desired bridge aesthetics marine traffic typically has priority over bridge traffic higher maintenance and inspection costs difficult to widen in the future. Roads and maritime currently manages 26 movable span bridges in nsw, of which 14 are still operational. A bascule bridge sometimes referred to as a drawbridge is a moveable bridge with a counterweight that continuously balances a span, or leaf, throughout its upward swing to provide clearance for boat traffic. The arch bridges held a little more than the other bridges. This type of bridge has lower cost of building as there are no high piers and long approaches. Bridges that can be opened to allow passage of a waterborne vessel. Comprehensive coverage is provided on engineering design and actual construction technology used in building all major types of bridges, including all structural issues and relevant mechanical and electrical systems used to make such bridges. A retractable bridge is a type of movable bridge in which the deck can be rolled or slid backwards to open a gap while crossing traffic, usually a ship on a waterway. Types of movable bridges and their construction details madhav.
Traffic control for movable bridges mutcd chapter 4j. As a result, many types of movable span bridges have evolved to fit specific needs. This new reference work addresses both the maintenance and the upkeep of existing movable bridges, as well as the complete design of new movable bridges. Gates shall be specified to operate reliably at the maximum wind velocities for which the movable bridge is considered operational. The two classes may be further divided into different types. Learners will gain basic knowledge of the common types and terms related to movable bridges, as well as. Types of movable bridges and their construction details. A movable bridge swings up or sideways to allow passage. Vertical lift bridges use cables, pulleys, motors and counterweights to raise a section of the bridge, much like an elevator. Required type and level of nondestructive testing ndt that may be needed for each inspection. A bascule bridge also referred to as a drawbridge or a lifting bridge is a moveable bridge with a counterweight that continuously balances a span, or leaf, throughout its upward swing to provide clearance for boat traffic. There are different types of movable bridges which can be constructed based on conditions of the project site and bridge related factors. The obstacle to be crossed may be a river, a road, railway or a valley. Movable bridges are used to provide both waterway for vessels and ships to pass though the bridge and provide traffic way for cars, trains, and other forms of transportation.
Bench test types of bridges the test bed type bridges provides several types of bridges. Movable bridges low rise bridge shortens the overall crossing length well known bridge type difficult to achieve desired bridge aesthetics marine traffic typically has priority over bridge traffic higher maintenance and inspection costs difficult to widen in the future poor seismic performance. Energy absorbing systems may be utilized for barrier gates. Gemeint, senior structural engvneer, division of test, bu reau of puuic roads.
Undoubtedly ancient peoples would also have used log bridges. Advantages and disadvantages of different types of movable. Movable bridges are the bridges which can change their position and sometimes even the shapes so as to allow the passage of vessels and boats in the waterway. Additional topics discussed will be the methods for adjusting the alignment of the lift span itself, as well as the effect of rope lay on the orientation of counterweights. Electrical equipment on movable bridges by conde b. Utilization of this bridge stops the road traffic so that its open for river traffic. Movable bridges are usually constructed at sites where there is not sufficient room or clearance for the construction of a larger structure. Movable bridge inspections typically require that a high level of. The different elements contained box test bed can make several types of maintenance of the deck. The plan of action for each inspection required for a movable bridge routine, movable, fracture critical, and special should be. The required passage may be for a road, a railway, pedestrians, a canal or a pipeline.
Wickerham, electrical engineer, contents page introduction control 2 electric motors 3 types of electric motors 3. Mccullough, bridge engineer, oregon state highway depart ment. Bridges can be categorized in several different ways. Types of movable bridges include vertical lift, swing and bascule. Between 1802 and 2005 there were five distinct types of movable bridge types built which included pontoon, vertical lift, bascule, swing and sliding spans. Movable bridges have particular maintenance issues, which cost considerably more than those of fixed bridges, mostly because of the complex interaction of the mechanical, electrical and structural. Given the availability of these sources, only a brief overview of movable span types is repeated here.
Movable bridge, either a drawbridge, a verticallift bridge, or a swing pivot bridge. Linkages a type of mechanism which is an assembly of one. The basic kinds of fixed bridges are beam, arch, suspension, and cablestayed. Types of movable bridges movable bridge engineering. All bridges held generally the same amount of weight. These and other types of special bridges impress not only with their sheer size and span, they are also architecturally interesting constructions that have the potential to visually dominate the landscapes in which they stand. By the early 20th century, six primary categories of movable bridges existed. Movable bridges and structures can be challenging for owners to operate and maintain. The arch bridge is one of the oldest types of bridges. The need to use tough and durable materials to construct movable bridges is also discussed.
Final report a survey of movable span bridges in virginia by. His work on hundreds of projects includes type studies, design, construction, rehabilitation, inspection, and evaluation of all types of movable bridges. Neolithic people also built a form of boardwalk across marshes, of which the sweet track and the post track, are examples from england that are around 6000 years old. A special type of highway traffic signal installed at movable bridges to notify road users to stop because of a road closure rather than alternately giving the rightofway to conflicting traffic movements. Movable bridges and typesadvantages special types pf. This type of bridge requires a very sturdy foundation. Table shows the maximum spans up to which a particular type of bridge can be recommended. Double leaf bascule bridge offers the broadest spaces for vessels compared with other types of movable bridges. Advantages of movable bridges the choice of a bridge design for a specific. Floatin method of installing the lift span heavy movable structures, inc.
Other types of movable bridges transporter i folding curling i table thrust submersible 2826 movable bridges in the u. Maintenance of movable bridges nhi107c maintenance of movable bridges will support a geographically dispersed audience with varying amounts of experience and education who have responsibility for maintaining inservice movable bridges. One of the first movable bridges in delaware was built in wilmington to carry south market street over the christina river. Span drive and stabilising machinery is treated and the interdependency between the superstructure, mechanical and hydraulic machinery, and electrical controls is emphasised. The design requirements for a short rural bridge spanning a narrow tidal canal are quite different from those for a large urban fourlane bridge thatmust span a wide, active channel. Comprehensive coverage is provided on engineering design and actual construction technology used in building all major types of bridges, including all structural issues and relevant mechanical and electrical systems. The types of movable bridges include bascule, swing span, vertical lift, floating, and transporter. Some other unique types of bascule bridges are the cable bascule and the overhead counterweighttype multitrunnion bascule. Movable bridges have particular maintenance issues, which cost considerably more than those of fixed bridges, mostly because of the complex interaction of. A moveable bridge, or movable bridge, is a bridge that moves to allow passage for boats or barges. Movable bridges are classified and various types are described and illustrated with examples built in the united kingdom, europe, and america.
In american english, the term is synonymous with drawbridge, and the latter is the common term, but drawbridge can be limited to the narrower, historical definition used in some other forms of english, in which drawbridge refers only to a. Gemeint, senior structural engvneer, division of test. Bridges made of frp composites can be floating bridges, underwater bridges, and even folding and unfolding bridges. In this paper important aspects of the design of a movable bridge are described, from the why of a movable bridge to aspects like possible mechanisms, types of. The platform is too flexible to carry a light load. Koglin, pe, has worked with several of the worlds premier civil and construction engineering firms specializing in movable bridges. Historic context report has been prepared with the generous assistance of the maryland department of transportation, state highway administrations environmental management section and bridge development division, and the historic and cultural resources staff of the maryland historical trust. Movable bridges types, design and history moveable bridge is a bridge that can change position and even shape in some cases to allow for passage of boats below. Movable bridges are considered complex structures in indiana and require a special inspection, described in part 1, chapter 3 of this manual.
72 1039 35 287 447 1034 1277 463 516 1410 594 1171 579 1027 843 476 1095 738 182 280 1005 381 1092 834 525 580 171 656 61 913 1354 8 158 306 1213 209